Wednesday, March 21, 2018

The Sign of the Prophet Jonah (Matthew 16:1-4)


We have examined two successive rounds of questions that Jesus endured at the hands of the religious leaders and the unexpected answers and actions that Jesus provided in return.  To try to regain face, the Pharisees ascribed Jesus’ power to Beelzebul and they also attempted to recast His public image as One Who rejected the traditions of the elders.  As a result, Jesus’ public support as a spiritual leader began to wane.  They still loved His ability to heal and provide bread but they were unsure of His authority to teach.

In Matthew 16, the Pharisees demanded that He provide a sign from heaven.  They had already made this demand after spreading their opinion that Jesus’ power came from Beelzebul in Chapter 12.  But Jesus had refused to give any such sign.  He said, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.”  This statement is repeated verbatim in chapter 16 but with some differences we will examine.

Notice that in chapter 12 it was the scribes and Pharisees.  In our text in chapter 16 we have the Pharisees and Sadducees.  The Pharisees and Sadducees were usually at odds with one another.  But here they have agreed together to test Jesus (according to verse 1).  The Sadducees did not even believe in miracles so their participation was entirely gratuitous.  They had an ulterior motive. Matthew says they wanted to test Him.  We already know how that turned out for Satan at Jesus’ testing in the wilderness.

Notice here that Jesus’ opening comment is a little different.  He begins by talking about signs in the weather.  This sort of sign they all believed in—just as everyone does even today.  This is called “empirical evidence.”  It’s based on careful observations that have been shown to be repeatable.  This is not the same thing as rigid proof (i.e. that it is known that it will always happen that way) but it is as close as finite people can come. 

They all knew that in Israel when the sky was red in the evening (i.e. in the west), they could expect fair weather.  But a red sky in the morning (i.e. in the east) meant stormy weather was coming.  We have a similar proverbial saying among sailors: “Red sky at night—sailor’s delight.  Red sky in the morning—sailors take warning.”

But Jesus pointed out that they had no way of applying observational science to God’s timetable—the signs of the times.  Then He repeated His comment that He had given earlier in chapter 12 and quoted above.  Why is there no sign to be given to an “evil and adulterous generation?”  If a person is rebelling against God—actively resisting God—you cannot compel such a person to believe.  You can give them evidence—such as you have—but faith is ultimately a heart matter—not a head matter.  So, what is the evidence that they will be given—for what good it will do—to those who are rejecting God?

Once again, Jesus repeats the sign that they will get— “the sign of Jonah.”  Or as chapter 12 called it— “the sign of the prophet Jonah.”  In chapter 12, recall that Jesus added a comment – “For just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here.”

There are actually two points that Jesus is making in both chapter 12 and repeated here in chapter 16. 

1)  Jesus predicts His own resurrection from the dead.  And

2)  Jesus’ credentials as a prophet of God—as One Who speaks for God—will be obvious after His resurrection.  (He doesn’t expound on that theme here but Matthew looking back records that Jesus does predict not only His death but also His resurrection on the third day.)  Some might take this by itself as proof of His divinity, but others also rose from the dead in the past and will again in the future.  But taken as a predicted sign, it does prove His credentials to speak for God. 



How do you test a prophet of God? 

1) Do they teach contrary to God’s already revealed commands? 

2) Do their predictions come true?  (Of course, combined with such credentials, notice that He does claim to be the Messiah in other places.  Also in a few paragraphs down, Peter will make the leap and exclaim, ‘You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God’ and Jesus accepts this worship but cautions the disciples not to discuss this publicly.  More on this when we study those verses.) 



Notice also, that Jonah was a prophet whose warnings were heeded and a city was saved from destruction. Jesus, in His role as a prophet of God (one of His many roles at that time), was warning the people of Israel over and over to ‘repent for the Kingdom of God is within reach.’  Since they are rejecting His role as a spokesman for God, they are not going to get any further sign.  That’s all Nineveh got and they repented. 

It is important that we understand, then, what is meant by repentance.  In Nineveh’s case, they needed to turn from their wicked ways (Jonah 3:8-10).  In Israel’s case, they refused to listen to God’s Spokesman patiently explain what God desired of their behavior.  (By the way, in Jonah’s day, the deadline was 40 days.  In Jesus’ day, Jerusalem would be destroyed in 40 years.)  How does repentance apply to us?

God is a holy God in His nature and cannot abide sin in any form.  We are all sinners (Romans 3:23) and deserve eternal separation (Romans 6:23) from this holy God.  But Jesus’ took upon Himself all our sins and died in our place that we might not perish but have eternal life with God (Jn. 3:16).  So, we who are believers receive salvation as a free gift (Eph 2:8-9).

Yet even those who truly believe continue to sin—though maybe not so blatantly—yet it is still sin that God cannot abide.  We can confess it and God will forgive us (1 Jn. 1:9) based on the merits of Christ’s death in our place but there must also be a desire in us to stop committing sins.  Every siren call in our body, in the world, from the devil, must be marked off as sin and replaced with a desire to please God in all things.  This turnabout is called repentance.  And we need to do it as often as needed.

Some Bible teachers also see it as a prerequisite for being born again—but the Biblical requirement for salvation is faith not works or efforts.  So, we begin by faith and for some it may frequently involve turning from some sins that we know are opposed to God’s will—certainly anything that prevents us from trusting in Christ alone.  Repentance is needed at the beginning to whatever extent sin may be an obstacle to belief in Jesus.

The problem is that our repentance is not as comprehensive as we would like it to be.  But it is something that every child of God will need to participate in as the Spirit of God convicts us by the Word of God—the sword of the Spirit.  It will be a lifelong process to willingly and obediently turn from things that we come to see as opposed to the nature of God.  It will not be completed in one moment of time.

The Pharisees had twin problems:  they were hypocrites and they refused to repent even when Jesus, God’s Spokesman, exposed them.  Matthew gives this ominous last word in 16:4, ‘So He left them, and departed.’  May we not reject or resist the uncomfortable conviction of God.  Our window of opportunity is limited.  If you continue to feel conviction, thank God.  He hasn’t departed! He is still dealing with you and pleading with you.  We only have a limited window of opportunity when God will continue to work in us in this life.

Now, of course, the evil one can also use past indiscretions to immobilize us.  If we have confessed them and repented of them then we are clear before God, but if not, they can prevent us from living a victorious Christian life.  How can you tell if your discomfort from past sins is from God or the evil one?  The Spirit of God is always specific.  Satan leaves you in a muddle.

Someone greater than Jonah the prophet, far greater, has spoken for God.  The Pharisees and Sadducees closed their ears and Jesus departed from them.

© 2018 Eric Thimell

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