Monday, March 26, 2018

From Prophet to Priest (Matthew 16:28-17:13)


Recapitulation

In our last study in Matthew we looked at Jesus’ pointed invitation to His disciples.  Their ego-centered lives had to come to an end which required their full embrace every day as they line up behind their Lord.  We also saw that there would be a rewarding future when He returned in glory with His angels.  It was an entirely sobering talk.

Seeing the Coming of the Son of Man

Now we take up Matthew’s gospel in 16:28. There was one last intriguing comment: “Some of you standing here will not die until they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.”  Did this mean that His kingdom would have its final fulfillment in just a few years’ time—that is a couple thousand years ago?  The last living apostle, John, writing some sixty-five years later would say, “No, not yet.  But come quickly, Lord Jesus!”   The key word in verse 28 is “see.”  They would “see” it.  How?  That’s what the very next verses are about.  (You do realize that the chapter and verse numbers were added much later!  They are uninspired helps designed so we can all find the same place together.) 



The Vision of the Coming of the Son of Man

There is a subtle shift in the text, however.  There is a time shift of six days and a geographical shift of some 20 miles and an altitude shift of about 10,000 feet.  There is obviously an arduous trip involved but Matthew is more interested in documenting the end of phase one of Jesus’ earthly ministry.



Jesus took the “inner three” disciples (Peter, James, and John) to the top of a high mountain.  This is quite likely one of the peaks associated with Mt. Hermon situated at the conjunction of the borders of modern day Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.  Today, Israel operates a ski resort there on the southern slopes of Mt. Hermon just a short distance from Panias where Peter issued his famous confession, “You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God.”  Hermon soars up to 9200 feet above sea level while Galilee is about 700 feet below sea level down at the head of the Jordan Rift Valley.

And up there on the heights overlooking nearly all of Israel, Jesus face began to shine with a brilliance like the sun.  His clothing also blazed with an unearthly white light.  This event has been called “the transfiguration.”  And then the disciple saw two men talking to Jesus.  Matthew says they were Moses and Elijah.  Luke adds that they “appeared in glory” and discussed “His departure about to be accomplished at Jerusalem.” 

Before we can discuss their significance, we need to read a little further.  Matthew tells us that Peter was feeling quite exuberant as he exclaimed, “It is good to be here!”  Peter then suggested that the three disciples should build three temporary shelters for Jesus, Moses, and Elijah.  This was a familiar task done every year by every Jewish family during the Feast of Sukkoth (also called the Feast of Booths or Ingathering) which lasted 7 days.  It celebrated two things:  God’s miraculous provision during the forty years in the wilderness while they all lived outside in temporary shelters and it was also a celebration of the final harvest of the year called Ingathering.  It was always celebrated as a great feast of joy and gladness.

Passover, Firstfruits, and Final Harvest

It is quite likely that this trip up Mt Hermon coincided with this annual feast and Peter was just following through according to the teaching of the Law.  But Jesus came to fulfill the Law which directed that before the Ingathering came Passover when the fields must be prepared and planted.  Then comes the Firstfruits when the very earliest results begin to be seen before the growing season and then the final harvest.  The three annual feasts seem to correspond with three major prophetic events—prophetic in that that they were instituted at Mount Sinai some 1475 years before!  Passover not only commemorated the death angel “passing over” the Israelite homes where the blood of the substitute perfect lamb had been put on the doorposts, it also prefigures Jesus who was called the ‘Lamb of God’ and ‘Christ our Passover’ which would later be fulfilled at His crucifixion on Passover.  Firstfruits dedicated the very first early harvest to God.  But it also prefigures the first harvest of 3000 souls who believed at the feast of Firstfruits (also called Pentecost).  So what does Ingathering (the final harvest) represent? 

In Jesus’ teaching of the parables, the final harvest was at the end of the age when His angels came to reap the harvest and the weeds were taken away and burned while the harvest was taken into His barn.  So, prophetically speaking, the first two feasts were not yet fulfilled in Christ.  Peter was inadvertently skipping the planting and the growing and going right for the final harvest although he soon understood that Jesus was using this for a teaching moment.

The Approval of God

While Peter was still speaking, a bright blazing cloud passed overhead from which a voice could be heard speaking.  “This is my Beloved Son in Whom I am well pleased.  Listen to Him.”  This was a repeat of the scene at Jesus’ baptism.  It was also an obvious reference again to Isaiah 42:1 where this same statement is made concerning the Messiah—the suffering Servant.  The bright cloud was probably like that which accompanied the Israelites during the daytime on their forty years in the wilderness—the shekinah glory or visible presence of God.  It also filled the Tabernacle and later the Temple of Solomon.  So why is it being repeated here?  It seems like this sign was given on either end of Jesus’ prophetic ministry to Israel—the part where He proclaimed the gospel of the kingdom.  He was the promised prophet who would be like Moses and speak to the people directly from God. 

Now this part of Jesus’ earthly ministry was coming to an end as He shifted from His prophetic ministry to His priestly ministry.  The Voice finished speaking while the three disciples lay prostrate on the ground in fear.  Jesus, spoke and said, “Do not fear” and eventually they got up and noticed that Moses and Elijah were gone.  They saw no man but Jesus only.  And as they turned to go down the mountain, Jesus instructed them not to talk about the “vision” until after His resurrection.

This is another mention of His rising from the dead!  Perhaps they thought it was another of His sayings with a double meaning!  But then they asked this penetrating question, “Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?”  (You know, Jesus, we just saw Elijah!)  But Jesus explained that Elijah did come and was killed and then they understood that he meant John the Baptist who had come in the power of Elijah—just as Matthew had explained earlier in the book (11:14).

Why Moses and Elijah?

So now we can think about this question we posed earlier concerning “seeing” the Son of Man coming in glory.  The inner three disciples had indeed “seen” Jesus in His glory right there in Israel.  But notice that Jesus called it a “vision.”  Now, why were two Old Testament people—Moses and Elijah—seen talking with Jesus in this vision?

Here are some observations which may help. 

1)  Moses was the one who brought the Law to Israel.  They referred to the Law simply as ‘Moses.’  Elijah was the one who was revered above all the prophets. These two represent the Law and the Prophets—the supreme authorities in Israel concerning God.  Also, both of these men are noted for climbing Mt. Sinai to converse with God in all His glory and here they are on another mountain conversing with Jesus in all His glory. 

2)  Notice that both of these men left their life’s ministry unfinished and were taken to heaven under miraculous but clouded circumstances. 

3)  John’s Revelation describes two witnesses who minister on earth for three and a half years with supernatural protection and even turning the rivers to blood (as Moses did) and calling down fire from heaven (as Elijah did).  This is a yet-future time before the second coming.  Many take the two witnesses to be Moses and Elijah completing their unfinished ministry with Israel before dying and being resurrected (according to the apostle John).  Perhaps, Jesus was clueing them in on the beginning of the prophetic clock ticking down until it was their turn to reappear.  They, too, will be executed in Jerusalem and rise the third day and ascend into heaven.

What Does It Mean?

In any event, Jesus’ ministry to Israel as a prophet of the Kingdom of God was winding down.  Israel had rejected John the Baptist who had come in the power of Elijah.  They had rejected Jesus who had come as their Messiah.  Now, Jesus had to fulfill the Law which said there is no redemption without the shedding of blood (Leviticus 17:11).  Israel needed redemption and, indeed, the whole world, as well.

Today, we are somewhere between Firstfruits (Pentecost) and Final Harvest (Ingathering).  No man knows the day or the hour—only the Father in heaven.  Do you see why Jesus wanted His disciples to follow Him? What other Voice can we trust?

© 2018 Eric Thimell

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