Thursday, March 15, 2018

Parables by the Sea: The Coming of the Kingdom (Matthew 13:24-43)


In our last study Jesus answered the unasked question, “Why doesn’t everyone accept the good news about the kingdom of heaven being within reach?”  He used the parable of the four soils both to explain and to obscure the answer but then gave the interpretation to the disciples.  We saw that distractions from the world, the flesh, and the devil have affected the hearers so it is not God that is at fault when people respond unenthusiastically, sluggishly, or not at all.

This time we will look at three more parables that explain the status of the kingdom of heaven.  “How long is it going to take?”  And “How long do we have to put up with unrighteous people?”  These also are unasked questions.

Notice that these parables begin with the same opening formula: “The kingdom of heaven is like . . .”  The first parable we will examine is found in verses 24-30 and is frequently called the parable of the wheat and the tares (or the wheat and the weeds).  In this parable, we also have a sower, seeds, a field, and a harvest.  But for this parable we need to adjust our interpretation a bit.  Fortunately, once again Jesus gives the interpretation in verses 36-43.

The sower is the “Son of Man” (that is, Jesus.)  The field is the world.  The good seed is the “sons of the kingdom.”  The weeds are the “sons of the evil one.”  The enemy is “the devil.”  The harvest is the “end of the age.”  And the reapers are “the angels.”  (Perhaps this is where the idea of the grim reaper comes from.)

So, Jesus is sending out “sons of the kingdom” (inheritors) into the world.  But people were sleeping. (The idea is that no one noticed.  This is sleeping in the world –not the church—so Jesus is not talking about vigilance in the membership committee). While the world was sleeping, the devil sent the “sons of the evil one” into the world.  Jesus’ servants suggested removing the “sons of the evil one” because they have mingled in with the “sons of the kingdom.”  But Jesus says, “No, that will harm the “sons of the kingdom.”  Wait until the “end of the age” when the angels will remove them and cast them into the “fiery furnace” and then will gather the “sons of the kingdom” into His “barn” (possibly the kingdom of heaven).

So, we see that this answers the question: “Why does God allow evil people to mingle with believers?”  Notice that Jesus is concerned about this evil but He is more concerned with harming His own.  But at the end of the age there will be justice.  Why is there evil in the world?  Why does God allow it?  Because He is patient and because He is concerned for the good of His own children.  So, God is not only loving, but also omniscient and just.

Note that when pulling weeds in your garden, it is sometimes difficult to pull ONLY weeds.  This is even more true out in a wheat field.  And humanly speaking, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish a weed from a plant that you want.  In the world, there are good reasons for not simply “removing” the “sons of the evil one.”  There are potentially generations of unborn “sons of the kingdom” who may be affected.  And God also uses the works of even “the sons of the evil one” to bring glory to His name.  Sennacherib discovered this the hard way (Isaiah 36-37).

There is a brief pair of parables called “the mustard seed” and “the leaven” in between the first parable and Jesus explanation in verses 31-33.  The “wheat and weeds” parable helps us to understand their meaning. 

The “mustard seed” is sowed in a man’s field.  The mustard seed idiom was cultural code for “insignificant,” but it turned out to have great significance after all because it grew into a tree that sheltered the birds of the air.  Notice Jesus said the “kingdom of heaven” is like this.  The kingdom of heaven would not begin with great fanfare and a huge inauguration.  It would start very small—seemingly insignificant—compared to the cultural ideas of the day.  But eventually it would be huge.  Jesus doesn’t say how long it will take—just that it starts tiny and ends huge.

The “leaven” (or yeast) is “hidden” in “three measures of flour.”  Eventually, the flour was “all leavened.”  This is basically drawing from the way that bread is prepared.  When you put yeast into the recipe, the bread rises.  But no mention is made of this rising or the baking.  It just talks about how this yeast or leaven affects the entire recipe.  In another context (later in Matthew 16:6), Jesus talked about being wary of the “leaven of the Pharisees.”  So, some commentators have had a rough time understanding what the “kingdom of heaven” had in common with the teaching of the Pharisees.  The commonality is that our manner of life and our words (the leaven) affect those around us.  So, look out for false teaching and don’t mimic the sinful practices of people just because they hang around the church.  And in this parable, Jesus is talking about what the kingdom of heaven is like—how it progresses—from tiny to huge in the case of the mustard seed—and the method of growth (the leaven) is that it is affected by the words and works of the believers who live in the world—for better or for worse.  Putting that into the context of the mustard seed, we have conviction about how we conduct ourselves.  It’s a tiny parable with enormous meaning! 

So, in this section we begin to see why our growth as citizens of the kingdom is not accomplished by removing the ungodly people around us (or isolating ourselves from them) but growing up among them with godly responses in our words and our works.  God’s work in us progresses from a seemingly insignificant beginning toward something greater than we can imagine.  This process is actually enhanced by what seems to be delayed justice.

© 2018 Eric Thimell

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