Thursday, April 5, 2018

Of Pharisees & Fig Trees (Matthew 21:12-22)


Jesus Examines His Father’s House

Jesus rode in triumph amid praise and adoration into Jerusalem that Sunday before Passover.  As the Son of David rides in according to the royal coronation tradition, His first stop was the Temple—His Father’s House—and found that the court of the Gentiles—the only place non-Jews could pray—had been given over to businessmen of the bazaar who sold sacrificial animals to those who came from a great distance and were unable to handle a live animal for that distance.  Others exchanged the “tainted” Roman coinage which were inscribed with forbidden graven images for Jewish shekels (and their exchange fees of course).  Others walking through the Temple precincts as either a shortcut to the marketplace or to set up shop in the same court of the Gentiles were very distracting to the Gentiles who may have attempted to pray here.

Jesus’ Clears His Father’s House

Jesus went into action immediately and “drove” them all out and “overturned their tables.”  He had done this sort of thing at the opening of His ministry also (John 2:13-17) but now He does it again at what is to be the end.  To the religious leaders, the court of the Gentiles was not holy ground anyway because Gentiles were allowed in there.  But Jesus quoted from Isaiah 56:7, “It is written, ‘My House shall be called a house of prayer’ but you make it a den of robbers.”  Other gospels give a more complete quote, ‘a house of prayer for all nations (I.e. for all Gentiles).’  But Matthew’s point is not that the Gentiles were being blocked from worshipping God—although that is the point of other gospel writers.  Matthew, the converted tax collector, wants us to see that Jesus was objecting to the misuse of the House of God and talking advantage of religious duty to make money.  There was a lot of busyness (and sleazy commercialism) during this very important religious pilgrimage—Passover—but it was not centered on God.

Jesus Ministers in His Father’s House

But, just as Isaiah’s dual image of the Messiah as both a judge and a deliverer showed, so now Jesus put down His belt and turned to another concern. As a result of the fleeing merchants, there was now room for Jesus to use the cleared-out area to minister to those Jews who were considered disqualified to enter the Temple due to a physical imperfection or disease.  They were allowed to enter the court of the Gentiles, however, and there Jesus healed them all—even the blind and the lame.  As Jesus ministered, the children continually cried out the words from Psalm 118 that they had sung as He triumphantly rode into Jerusalem with the palm branches waving: “Hosanna to the Son of David.”

The Pharisees Whine

Meanwhile the scribes and the chief priests who had benefited from the bazaar seemingly could do nothing but whine and complain to Jesus while the crowds were pressing in on all sides.  They hated seeing Him doing ministry in “their” temple and they hated His taste in music.  These young children may have been there with family and parents but they likely remembered Jesus kindness in giving time to them and praying with them a few days before as they journeyed to Jerusalem for the festival.  Now the words of the Psalm were like a ‘song that never ends’ and they repeated it endlessly further annoying the religious leaders.

“Please make them stop.”  To the leaders it bordered on blasphemy to imply that Jesus might actually be the Messiah when ‘everyone’ knew the Messiah would be a Pharisee and would be born of a wealthy and influential family and would rise from among them.  He would come and justify their teaching, so they thought.  But Jesus quoted Psalm 8 and said, “Haven’t you read?”  (“Out of the mouth of babes . . .”)

Matthew doesn’t record their answer—presumably they had nothing they could have said.   They should have said, “Oh, You must be the Messiah!  Let me show You to your rooms!”  But they had already rejected Him as Messiah and were already plotting His death.  Only the presence of the crowds prevented them from taking action in the daytime so at the end of the day, Jesus also left town with the crowds and stayed overnight in Bethany—two miles away.

Jesus Lodges at Bethany

Bethany, we know from the other gospels, as the home of Mary and Martha and Lazarus.  He had healed Lazarus there not so long ago—an incident that Matthew does not record—but other gospel writers do and they also tell us that Lazarus’ resurrection caused many to believe in Him—and so he was also put on the hit list because so many were turning to Jesus because of Him.  So, Jesus would always be welcome there at this convenient getaway in Bethany just over the Mount of Olives within walking distance of Jerusalem which was also very crowded during the festival. Matthew briefly notes that “He lodged at Bethany.” 

Jesus Examines the Fig Tree

And the next morning He arose and headed back to town.  As He walked Matthew noted that He was hungry.  Jesus was 100% human as well as 100% God.  Here He experienced hunger pangs.  Spying a fig tree along the road, He went to see if there was any fruit on it.  Now fig trees had been planted along the road both for shade and because it was believed dust was good for them and also to provide food for travelers.  It is a peculiarity of the fig tree that it always has some fruit hanging on it about 10 months of the year.  The new crop usually ripens before the tree puts out leaves so this was past the normal season for new fruit because it was covered with leaves but Jesus found no fruit—not even left over figs still hanging there.  The tree looked healthy but there was no fruit.

Jesus Curses the Fig Tree

Matthew uses this occasion to record Jesus’ reaction when He found no fruit.  He said to the tree, “May no fruit ever come from you again.”  This is the only recorded miracle of Jesus that is a judgment.  According to the other gospels, the tree was entirely withered but was not noticed until the disciples pointed it out the next day with utter amazement. 

It is instructive to notice that Jesus told a parable of this same situation in Lk 13:6-9.  In that one, a farmer kept returning over a period of three years and never found fruit on his fig tree and decided to dig it up but the gardener pleaded for one more year.  Jesus has been ministering for three years and has not found much fruit in Israel.  As it turns out they have about 37 more years and then Titus will burn the temple and drive the Jews out—many into slavery. By the way, in verse 43 in this same chapter, Jesus says all of this most clearly—just in case the reader misses Matthew’s point.  God is looking for fruit—people who are living according to His precepts.



Matthew doesn’t tell us that this explanatory conversation with the disciples in vv. 20-22 was the next day but the teaching recorded by the other gospels agree.  This sort of miracle—the withering of the fig tree—requires prayer and faith in God.  Jesus had said this same thing when they tried to heal the demon possessed boy at the foot of Mt Hermon.  In fact, Jesus said back then, faith as a mustard seed was all that was necessary to move mountains (Matthew 17:20ff).  He says nearly the same thing again here.  So, what is Jesus looking for?



Of Figs and Pharisees

The fig tree pericope is deliberately recorded adjacent to the temple cleansing pericope in order to underscore the Messiah’s search for fruit.  Just as the tree is judged for bearing no expected fruit, so is Israel is judged. From those who claimed to be His people He was looking for fruitful behavior that would show they were His children.  From the disciples, who were actually following Him and behaving like God’s children, He was looking for faith and dependence on God.



The Eyes of the Lord are in Every Place

While that generation of the nation of Israel eventually experienced the judgment of God, still individuals within that nation have borne much fruit. As individuals we, too, are responsible before God to say and do what He expects of us.  Even though our society or nation or generation may go its own way, we can still obey and be blessed as we trust in Him to “move mountains.”  And some day the King will come looking for fruit.



© 2018 Eric Thimell

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