Wednesday, April 4, 2018

Behold the Son of David Comes to Jerusalem (Matthew 20:29-21:11)


Recapitulation

As Jesus journeyed to Jerusalem through Perea for the Passover, He warned His disciples for the third time that he would be crucified and resurrected there.  Even though they heard His words, they did not really grasp what they meant.  Matthew recorded the events of this “passion week” in a way that invites the reader to grow in understanding as we look at Jesus.

Blind Men Cry Out

The road from Galilee to Jerusalem traversed Perea on the far side of the Jordan and recrossed the Jordan at the ancient city of Jericho.  Upon leaving the ruins of the old city whose walls had fallen in the days of Joshua the road entered the new resort “city of the palms.”  It was here between the old and the new Jericho that two blind men sat by the road and begged from the crowds traveling to Jerusalem for Passover.  One of these blind men was known as the son of Timaeus or Bartimaeus while the other’s name has been lost to us.  In Matthew 20:29, Jesus and the great crowd was passing by these blind men and when they heard that Jesus was passing by, they cried out, “Lord, have mercy on us, Son of David.”  The crowd tried to hush them.  Just as the children had earlier been rebuked by the disciples so now these blind men were rebuked by the crowd.  Perhaps they felt that this important man—Jesus—would not have time for mere blind beggars. 

But, Jesus heard their cries as they continued calling out to Him.  Matthew says He stopped and said, “What do you want me to do for you?”  When Mrs. Zebedee and her sons James and John were asked that question, they asked for honor and position.  But that wasn’t what Jesus could offer.  He offered them a cup of suffering as they followed Him.  But these blind men didn’t ask for that.  They asked, “Lord, let our eyes be opened.”  And Matthew records that Jesus took pity on them and “touched their eyes, and immediately they recovered their sight.”  Spiritually speaking, this is another request that Jesus longs to answer—that we might see.  And not only did these blind men see, they also followed Him—another thing that Jesus wants from us.  He wants us to look at Him and also to follow Him.  Who did these blind men long to see?  The Lord, the Son of David.

Look at the Son of David

Matthew uses this incident to encourage the reader to look intently at Jesus, as the Son of David enters Jerusalem in chapter 21.  The path Jesus follows as He now prepares to enter Jerusalem is deliberately chosen to parallel the path of the Kings of Judah as they entered Jerusalem on their coronation day.  As we follow Jesus along this road notice what He is called and how He is addressed.  He has just been called “Son of David”—royalty.

Other interesting and powerful incidents on this journey are recorded in the other gospels but Matthew wants us to look now at Jesus’ journey on into Jerusalem.  There are two villages near Jerusalem on the far side of the Mount of Olives—Bethany which means house of dates and Bethphage which means house of figs.  Matthew specifically mentions the village of Bethphage and something Jesus needed there.  He asked two of His disciples to go and find a donkey and her colt and bring them both to Him.  He said that if anyone questions them, just say, “The Lord needs them.”  Jesus is referring to Himself as “the Lord.” 

O, Lord Save Us

The Bible says, “The disciples did as they were told” and brought them to Jesus Who waited on the road.  They put their cloaks on them and Jesus sat on the cloaks.  The crowd put their cloaks on the road or cut branches and spread them out as well as Jesus traveled the last mile or so to Jerusalem.  Meanwhile the crowd shouted before and after, “Hosanna to the Son of David!  Blessed is He Who comes in the Name of the Lord!  Hosanna in the highest!”  And Jesus rode into Jerusalem with the crowds cheering His triumphal entry.

Several important background points are crucial here.  As Jews traveled the roads to Jerusalem they looked forward to entering the temple for the Passover feast and they often sang Psalm 118 which was a part of the traditional Jewish Passover liturgy.  This is why the words Matthew records in verse 9 are so significant.  They are actually a quote from Psalm 118:25-26.  The phrase in Psalm 118:25 translated “O Lord save us” in Hebrew sounds like this: “anna Adonai hoshiana” (Ron Allen, in Lord of Song).  But also, notice that the next verse in Psalms 118 is about the worshippers binding the sacrifice to the altar preparatory to its slaughter.

Humble Entrance

Additionally, note the quote from Zechariah 9:9 in Matthew 21:5.  The Kings of Judah from David onward were brought into Jerusalem riding on a donkey’s colt.  The path led from the Gihon spring supplying the pool of Siloam near the fountain gate up to the royal palace in the area known as the “City of David” below the temple mount.  Why not a horse?  Because a donkey or a mule symbolized humility and trust in God rather than in cavalry and horses.

Here is Jesus entering Jerusalem not like the conquering Romans on horseback but on a lowly donkey’s colt.  It is the crowd who are shouting and praising God, saying “This is Jesus the prophet from Nazareth of Galilee.”  (Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord—verse 9.) 

The Chosen Lamb of God

Notice that this is Sunday before Passover (Palm Sunday)—the day when the perfect lambs were chosen and set aside to be slaughtered three days hence.   These lambs were cared for and fed for three days (Monday through Wednesday) but slaughtered at twilight on Thursday.  (Technically, this is considered Friday morning in the Jewish culture). More on that in the weeks to come.

But for now, see that Jesus is again adored as the Son of David in verse 9 (just as Bartimaeus and his blind friend did).  He is also recognized as a prophet from Nazareth.  The “whole city” was stirred up by this celebration.  Could this be the Messiah? Matthew wants us to open our eyes like the blind men in chapter 20 and see Jesus.

Anticipating the Kingdom of Heaven

Why did they cut down branches, etc.?  This was originally done at another feast (called Succoth or Shelters) where branches were cut to make shelters out in the countryside where they camped out for a few days to commemorate the 40 years Israel spent in the wilderness and culminated in entering the promised land.  So, this feast became also an anticipation of the coming kingdom of God.  And branch waving came to be done at many celebrations as it came to be symbolic of that longing for the kingdom of God.  The recitation and singing of Psalm 118 was usually central to such outbreaks which spoke of deliverance from enemies because of trust in the Lord. 

Postponing the Kingdom of Heaven

But, despite the inequities and injustices of Roman rule, as we will see, not everyone wanted to see the system toppled—least of all those who were currently benefiting from the system.  This same sort of blindness can prevent us from welcoming and eagerly anticipating the return of Jesus.  I can remember thinking how great it would be for Jesus to return but not just yet.  There were things I wanted to experience first. We can become too enamored by the things that seem like wonderful benefits in this life.  It is ugly to contemplate but this spiritual displacement is idolatry.

© 2018 Eric Thimell

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