Friday, February 9, 2018

The Messiah Corrects the Interpreters of the Law (Matthew 5:31-37)


In our last study, we saw that Christ had come to fulfill the lofty demands of God’s Law.  However, this hopeful purpose was clouded by the inability of His people to keep the Law perfectly and the Pharisee’s misinterpretation of God’s standards.
The religious leaders of the day tripped up on precisely this point.  The Pharisees believed and taught wrongly that they could keep the law perfectly.  This was why John the Baptist was so harsh with them. Of course, we also saw that one reason for this blindness was because they totally ignored the sins of the heart.  So, Jesus preached a shocking message that entrance into God’s kingdom required a greater righteousness than that of the legalistic Pharisees. 

We looked at several of Jesus’ examples of this. The scribes and Pharisees ignored sins of the heart like anger and lust which Jesus said were just as evil as murder and adultery.  While the heart sin of covetousness, the tenth commandment, was known, it had no prescribed penalty like the other points of the Law, because it involved something hidden from all but God.  It was easy to ignore.
Jesus gave another couple examples of crucial misinterpretations of the Law which failed to take the sins of the heart into account.  They even used the Law to justify breaking the Law—as if the Law really contradicted itself!

1)      Look at Jesus’ correction of their teaching on divorce under the Law in verses 31 & 32.  The Pharisees and the Sadducees argued with one another on just what constituted grounds for divorce under the Law but they were both wrong.   

The Sadducees tended be very relaxed and saw divorce as a matter of convenience for the husband.  The Pharisees argued that there should be some actual grievance, but the Law, found in Deuteronomy 24:1-4, makes it clear that Moses was regulating an existing practice that allowed for a divorce on the grounds of “indecency (ESV).”  So, if there was some sort of immorality, the aggrieved husband was required to get a certificate of divorce after proving this “indecency” before sending his spouse away.  And there was no going back.  The point of the Law was to protect women from being passed around like a prostitute on the word of a covetous spouse.  But the religious leaders were interpreting Moses as if he approved of divorce for something the husband didn’t like!  

But notice!  This “indecency” was a reference to some sort of sexual immorality.  The word in Greek is porneia— related to the English word “pornography.”  Based on Jesus’ words about lust just a few verses back, He is focusing more on an issue of an unrepentant heart of lust than he is on a single moment of passion.  By way of application, if a spouse has sinned against us, but is asking for forgiveness, our response should include mercy and forgiveness for we have been forgiven much ourselves.  Furthermore, Jesus would never condone divorce for our convenience or even “our happiness.”   

By the way, a pattern of unrepentant abuse and family violence are also heart issues and may well fit into righteous grounds for divorce but certainly not because we “finally found our soul mate.” 

2)      Jesus next corrects their treatment of oath keeping under the Law. Once again, the Pharisees broke one law to justify another.  This law is found in Leviticus 19:12, “You shall not swear by God’s name falsely.”  A promise to God is sacred and must be kept.   

The Pharisees hijacked this law to force someone to prove that they were telling the truth about something.  They were looking to God to be their cosmic cosigner—the guarantor of their words.  They knew better than to swear by God’s name so they used a circumlocution and would swear by the gold of the temple, etc.   

But Jesus is saying that God is not going to endorse your words.  If you are a liar, you make God out to be a liar.  Your words ought to be able to stand on their own – especially if people know you are trustworthy.  This doesn’t mean you can’t make a promise to God; just be sure to keep your promise. 

By way of application, do we ever really need to say things like, “To be honest . . .,” “To tell the truth . . .,” or even, “As God is my witness . . .”  While some of this is just idiomatic speech, when we think about it, unless we are with people who do not know our reputation, we should be able to just speak and be believed.   

Swearing in court or before a government official, probably should be viewed as an acknowledgment that, under threat of perjury, you are making this statement.  It is a legal way for the judicial system to identify statements which you certify to be true under threat of legal consequences.  They always allow you to say, “I affirm” instead of “I so swear” if your conscience bothers you on this point. 

This is why we must be careful in our evaluation of ourselves and others.  God alone knows what is in the heart of another and He considers it to be of equal importance to what one sees on the outside.
© 2018 Eric H Thimell

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